Overview:

Akron Documenter Britt Oliver contributed to this guide in collaboration with Cleveland Documenters

Terrific terms to know about the inner workings of Akron’s government agencies and public meetings

Government is meant to be “of the people, by the people, for the people,” according to Abraham Lincoln. But the day-to-day operation of our local government can be fuzzy, confusing and seemingly closed off to regular residents. 

To help keep our democratic form of governance from perishing from the earth, as Honest Abe warned us about in 1863, Signal Akron and the Akron Documenters have created this A-to-Z guide. 

This is designed to help you better understand how Akron and Summit County government agencies work. 

If you have an idea for something to add, or if something is unclear or incorrect, send an email to documenters@signalakron.org with “Government Guide update” in the subject line.  

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z

(Left to right) Akron Public Schools Superintendent Michael Robinson, Board President Diana Autry and Board Member Bruce Alexander during a special meeting
(Left to right) Akron Public Schools Superintendent Michael Robinson, Board of Education President Diana Autry and Board Member Bruce Alexander during a special meeting called Thursday, Feb. 1 to consider the board’s vote to approve a contract with Varsity Tutors. The board voted to rescind the contract, 5-0. (Sophia Lucente / Signal Akron)

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15-Minute Model (Community Development Model)

A city planning framework and theory where all essential services are available to residents within a 15-minute walk, bike ride, or transit trip (e.g., grocery stores, parks, restaurants, jobs).

A

Abstain

When a council member refrains from voting on a motion.

Aging-in-place model

A community development model where aging and elderly residents are able to continue living in their residences and in their communities as their needs increase.

Akron After School

The Akron Public Schools’ program provides free  academic support for participants. It is funded by federal 21st Century Community Learning Centers grants, the City of Akron and Title 1, a program through the Ohio Department of Education and Workforce.

Akron Cares

A one-time utility bill relief program at the City of Akron.

Akron Civil Rights Commission

Gives residents the opportunity to resolve discrimination issues at a local level. The commission investigates complaints of unlawful discrimination regarding background, beliefs or identity based on:

  • Housing, including home sales, leases, rentals and financial transactions
  • Employment, including hiring, promotions, discipline, working conditions and salary
  • Public accommodations, including access to goods, services, business and public spaces
  • City contracts
Akron Home Repair Program

An income-based program that allows residents to have safer and more affordable places to live.

Akron Municipal Court

Serves  Akron and Fairlawn; Bath, Richfield and Springfield townships; Lakemore and Richfield villages; and the portion of Mogadore that is in Summit County. Judges handle felony cases through indictment in Summit County Court of Common Pleas and misdemeanor cases to conclusion. The court also hears civil cases with damages of less than $15,000 and small-claims cases involving disputes of $6,000 or less. It also processes parking and traffic tickets and performs civil marriage ceremonies.

The Akron Resiliency Fund

A partnership between the City of Akron and the Western Reserve Community Fund providing low-cost loans to help stabilize Akron’s small businesses. This fund will continue in perpetuity, supporting growth in Akron’s small business community while encouraging further investment in the local economy.

Amend

To change the text of a resolution or ordinance.

American Rescue Plan Act Funds (ARPA)

In 2021 the City of Akron received $145 million from the federal government as part of recovery plan during the COVID-19 pandemic. City Council allocated $67.4 million to “active contracts.” The remaining funds must be allocated by December and spent by December 2026.

Division of Animal Control

This Summit County division is responsible for answering calls and complaints concerning dogs, cats and nuisance wildlife, including skunks, raccoons, opossums and groundhogs. They also run the county’s animal shelter, manage dog licenses, and do pet adoptions. 

Appropriation

Money authorized for expenditure by formal action, such as a city council ordinance, for a specific purpose.

Area median income

The midpoint of a specific region’s income range. Half of all households in the region make more than this amount and half make less. This figure can be used to determine who is eligible for affordable housing subsidies.

Audit

An official inspection of an individual’s or organization’s financial accounts, typically by an independent body.

Aye or yea

This is a response equivalent to yes. It is a vote in favor of a motion

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B

Ballot initiative

Akron residents may initiate a ballot initiative to bring a proposal or ordinance to the voters of Akron in a general election. A ballot initiative must, among other requirements, be submitted to the Clerk of Council with signatures from at least 7% of Akron electors. You can read more about the requirements for a ballot initiative for the City of Akron here and for the State of Ohio here.

Akron Board of Control

A city board made up of the mayor, the directors of the Law, Finance, and Public Service departments, the president of City Council, and the chair of the Finance Committee of council or their designees. The board approves any purchase over $15,000 but less than $50,000.

Bond

An IOU or promise to repay borrowed money by a specific date. Bond proceeds are primarily used to finance capital projects. Bonds also appear in court proceedings in multiple ways and are a formal agreement between parties to ensure a type of action. If the action is not completed, the bond (often a sum of money or other asset) may be forfeited. 

Business and Real Estate Development Department

This agency does several things, including selling city-owned commercial and residential land for development, supporting businesses and entrepreneurs, and helping home buyers through the Urban Neighborhood Development Corporation.

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C

Capital budget

Money for internal or long-term investments in infrastructure. Typically not to exceed a dollar amount.

Capital projects

The construction, rehabilitation or acquisition of fixed assets (buildings, bridges) or permanent improvements.

Chair

A council member or other agency member who oversees a specific committee and committee meetings. If the chair is not present, the vice chair serves as a substitute.

City Charter

A document regulating the structure and operation of a city government. See also Akron Codified Ordinances.

Akron City Council

The legislative governing body of the city. It is made up of 10 ward representatives and three at-large members. They approve or deny all spending by the city. To gain community input, each council member is assigned to a geographic area known as a ward. City residents are encouraged to attend council meetings. Find your ward and representative here.

City Planning Commission

This five-member body of citizens is appointed by the mayor and approved by the council. It oversees development and improvement of the city and its neighborhoods and reviews legislation and other matters that concern the use or development of land.

Commission on Aging

Made up of older adult Akronites and representatives of key organizations serving older adults. Serves as an advocate for adults and older adults in planning, problem-solving, coordination and services.

Complete Streets

Complete Streets are streets designed and operated to enable safe use and support mobility for all users. Those include people of all ages and abilities, regardless of whether they are travelling as drivers, pedestrians, bicyclists, or public transportation riders.

Council committees

Akron City Council members run nine committees. Each committee member is appointed by council leadership. The council president assigns matters that come before council to the appropriate committee. When a committee handles pending legislation, members will meet, discuss matters, hold votes and bring issues to the full council for its consideration.

Community development corporation

Nonprofit, community-focused entities whose missions are to support their affiliated city neighborhoods with a range of programs that boost affordable housing, economic development, safety and social services. CDCs can have some oversight of new developments in their areas. Akron currently has 15 CDCs, with some covering more than one neighborhood.

Akron Police Community Relations Bureau

This division has two parts – the Community Relations Group, which works with others to support programs such as Safety Town and Police Explorers, and the Community Engagement Team, which has officers assigned to specific areas of the city to respond to ongoing issues in a given neighborhood. They attend ward meetings, host community events to engage with the public, and assist city officials with housing and nuisance complaints.

Consent agenda

Acting on multiple resolutions or ordinances at one time under one motion.

Council’s rules of procedure

A set of rules governing council’s procedures. You can find Akron City Council’s rules here.

Countryside Public Market

An indoor, year-round market in Akron’s Northside District. The market operates Sundays from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. 

Culvert

A channel crossing under a road or railway for the draining of water.

Curb cut

An angled cut in the edge of a curb that permits vehicle or wheelchair access from a street to a driveway, garage, parking lot or loading dock.

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Summer Hall (right) is sworn into the Akron School Board of Education by Margo Sommerville (left), president of Akron City Council, during a special Board of Education meeting Thursday, Jan. 4, 2024, at the Sylvester Small Administration Building in downtown Akron. The special meeting was to swear in the newest BOE members, Barbara Sykes, Summer Hall and Rene Molenaur. (Kassi Filkins / Signal Akron)

D

Debt service

What it costs the city to borrow money for projects or services. 

Declaring an emergency

Allows council to dispense with the requirement that a piece of legislation be read at three separate council meetings and allows the legislation to go into effect earlier than 30 days from passage of the legislation. 

The Office Of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)

This department’s goal is to create an inclusive and equitable environment for Akronites. It focuses on providing equal access to opportunities and resources by working against discrimination, bias and prejudice. 

Department

The entity overseeing specific types of city services. Headed by a director who is responsible for all of the divisions in the department.

Director

The head of a city department.

Division

A division is part of a department. It handles specific city programs or services and is headed by a commissioner.

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E

Encumbered funds

Funds inside an account that are reserved for a specific debt or future liability. An organization can encumber funds in multiple ways and for multiple reasons, such as creating a purchase order to buy goods or services.

Encumbrances

Charges on property or assets, such as a mortgage. The purpose of encumbrance accounting is to avoid budget overspending by showing open commitments as part of projected expenses.

Executive session

A closed-door part of an otherwise open public meeting where members of the public are not permitted to observe the proceedings. An executive session is allowed under state law when a public body needs to discuss something in private, such as personnel issues (hirings or firings) or negotiations to buy land. There are nine acceptable reasons a public body can move to executive session, as outlined by state law. They are:

  • Certain personnel matters 
  • Purchase or sale of property
  • Pending or imminent court action
  • Collective bargaining matters
  • Matters required to be kept confidential
  • Security matters
  • Hospital trade secrets
  • Confidential business information of an applicant for economic development assistance
  • Veterans Service Commission applications 

Other rules applicable to an executive session include:

  • Proper procedure is required to move into executive session:
    • Meeting must always begin and end in open session, where the public may be present
    • Motion on the record to move into executive session, followed by a second
    • Specific reason for executive session must be put in the motion and recorded
    • Roll call vote, which must be approved by the majority of a quorum of the public body
    • Motion and vote recorded in the meeting minutes 
  • Discussion in executive session must be limited to the specific, statutory reason for the executive session, as set forth in the motion. 
  • The public body can invite non-members to be present in an executive session, but cannot exclude other members of the public body from the executive session.
  • Discussions in executive session are not automatically confidential, but other confidentiality rules may apply; public records considered in the executive session may be accessible through the Public Records Act.  
  • The public body may not vote or make any decisions in executive session.
Expenditure

An amount of money spent, or the act of spending money.

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F

Fee

A charge to a person or business who is using or benefiting from a city service. For example, when a person applies for a building permit, that fee pays for an inspector to make sure the construction work is done properly.

Department of Finance

Controls the money coming in and out of the city’s accounts. Responsible for collecting taxes. Eight divisions within the department handle money collected for fees, services and licenses, internal costs, audits and maintaining the city budget. 

Financial Empowerment Center

Offers free financial coaching services to help Akronites meet financial challenges and plan for the future. The center is a partnership between the mayor’s office and United Way of Summit & Medina

Fiscal year

A twelve-month period when a budget begins and ends. Akron’s fiscal year is Jan. 1 through Dec. 31. The federal government’s fiscal year is Oct. 1 through Sept. 30. 

Friendly amendment

In parliamentary procedure, this is an amendment that is unanimously agreed upon by the voting body as an enhancement, or helpful clarification to the current version of a piece of legislation.

Form-based zoning code

Zoning laws that regulate land development to achieve a specific urban form, such as a walkable neighborhood with many different land uses. As opposed to traditional, or Euclidean zoning code, which focuses on separating land by uses, the organizing principle behind form-based code is place-making and using physical form (rather than separation of uses).

Fund

Used to account for money. Must be balanced for money coming in and going out. 

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G

General fund

Most city services are supported from this fund, including police, fire and EMS, the city’s recreation centers and garbage pick up. 

Golf courses

The City of Akron owns two golf courses- Good Park and Mud Run Golf Course & Driving Range. The Division of Recreation and Parks maintains athletic fields and parks. 

Grandfather clause

A provision in a new law that allows already existing situations to be exempt from changing to follow a new policy. In housing policy, this could mean that buildings can violate new zoning laws or building requirements if those violations were permissible when the building was constructed or acquired.

Grant

Money from the state or federal government or a nonprofit organization that pays for a specific purpose or program.

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H

Highway Maintenance Division

Responsible for the construction, maintenance and repair of city streets and expressways, including fixing potholes and surface cracks, street cleaning and snow plowing.

Housing and Community Services

Dedicated to assisting with rehabilitation projects, residential repairs, lead paint reduction, and offering administrative support to community development corporations and housing development organizations.

Home Rule

The authority of a region, like a city, to govern itself rather than be governed by a distant power, like the state.

Housing Compliance Division

Responsible for ensuring decent, safe and sanitary living conditions through the enforcement of the Environmental Health Housing Code. Residents can register complaints regarding activity or neglect that negatively impacts the health, safety, welfare, comfort, or convenience of the general public. Public nuisances that can be reported may include: accumulation of garbage, animal nuisance, asbestos, farm animals, food complaints, fugitive dust, high grass or weeds, or sewage backup.

Housing Trust Fund

A program run by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development aimed at developing and preserving safe, affordable housing for low-income and homeless families. The Ohio Development Services Agency distributes this grant money in Ohio. Click to learn more about the Housing Trust Fund and National Housing Trust Fund

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I

Income Tax Division

Responsible for collecting and administering taxes for Akron residents as well as for four joint economic development districts in Bath Township, Copley Township, Coventry Township, and Springfield Township.

J

K

L

Department of Law

With both a criminal and a civil division, this department provides legal services and advice to the mayor, City Council and all city departments and commissions. It prosecutes crimes under city codes and handles public records requests and lawsuits that involve the city.

Legislation

The preparation and enactment of laws through a legislative process. Akron City Council has two categories of legislative action – resolutions and ordinances.

Legislation/Minutes Archive

Akron City Council’s portal, which includes passed legislation and meeting minutes.

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Alice Duey laughs as she stands off to the side of the stage with her boyfriend, Akron Mayor Shammas Malik.
Alice Duey laughs as she stands off to the side of the stage with her boyfriend, Akron Mayor Shammas Malik, during a community celebration at House Three Thirty Saturday, Jan. 6, 2024, in Akron. The community celebration followed the ceremonial swearing-in of Malik held earlier at E.J. Thomas Hall. (Kassi Filkins / Signal Akron)

M

Office of the Mayor

The chief executive of the City of Akron appoints a cabinet of leaders who run departments and initiatives. They oversee all city services and are responsible for enforcing the City Charter, city ordinances and Ohio laws.

Mayor-council government

A form of city government in which the executive and legislative powers are split between an elected mayor and an elected city council. Akron has a mayor-council government. In a council-city-manager form of government, an elected council can hire and fire the city manager.

Memorandum of Understanding

An MOU is a written agreement between two or more parties that defines the relationships between the parties and describes what the parties agree on.

Minutes

The official meeting record of any public body such as city council or the school board. Minutes are public records and must be posted by law.

Millage-based levy

This levy or tax is the most common way local school districts can raise funds for any purpose, though most levies support operating expenses or permanent improvements such as building a new school. This property tax levy must pass a voter referendum and is based on a “mill” which is the unit of value for expressing the rate of property taxes in Ohio. A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of assessed value (35% of your appraised value). For example, the yearly tax on a house that is appraised at $100,000 is $35 in tax per mill. So, if a district passes a 5.5 mill levy, taxes on this example house would be $192.50 per year (5.5 x 35 = 192.50)

Example calculation of a simple tax bill:

$100,000 (appraised value) x 35% = $35,000 (Assessed Value)
$35,000 (Assessed Value) x 1 mill (.0010)  =  $35 in tax per mill per year

Motion

When a public body such as city council makes a formal action request.

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N

Nay or no

This is a response equivalent to no. It is a vote against a motion.

O

Online Docs

Akron City Council’s online legislation management system. Find committee and council meeting minutes and passed legislation here.

Operating Budget

Plan for how to spend public money for operational items such as employee salaries, maintenance and upkeep, certain contracts and other day-to-day items.

Ordinance

A piece of legislation passed into law in a city or town. You can find a full list of Akron’s ordinances and proposed ordinances here.

Akron Codified Ordinances

The collection of the laws that lay out the functions of Akron’s government. Also known as “the code” or “the city code,” the codified ordinances are organized by sections and chapters according to topic. See City Charter.

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Dr. Ahmad Jadallah speaks to Akron City Council.
Dr. Ahmad Jadallah, far left, speaks to Akron City Council members during the public comment period of the Nov. 13, 2023 meeting. Credit: Susan Zake / Signal Akron

P

Parcel

A piece of land with defined boundaries. Parcel numbers are used by the county for property tax purposes.

Parliamentary procedure

The accepted rules, ethics, and customs governing meetings on an assembly or organization. Groups use this procedure to come to decisions, and in the case of public bodies, binding votes. The goal is to create a system that allows for timely decisions to be made after civil debate and discussion. See also, Robert’s Rules of Order. 

Passed on introduction

Council suspends the rules and votes on legislation after reading it on only one day — the same day it was introduced to full council.

Planning and Urban Development Department

Responsible for the maintenance and “continuous renewal” of the city. This includes implementation of quality standards for residential, commercial, recreational and community development. The department is made up of two divisions: long-range planning and zoning. They are also involved with the Akron Metro Area Transportation Study (AMATS), which is responsible for transportation planning in Summit and Portage counties and northeastern Wayne County. 

Property tax

Money that property owners pay based on the value of the property they own. Used to levy taxes for purposes such as funding libraries and schools.

President

Person who oversees council and council meetings. If the president is absent, the vice president will substitute. If the vice president is absent, the president pro tem serves as a substitute.

Public body

Any board, commission, committee, council or similar decision-making body of a state agency, institution or authority. This includes county, township, municipalities, school districts, or other political subdivision or local public institution. This includes the subcommittees of these groups. 

Public comment

The opportunity for members of the public to voice their opinions at government meetings. Sometimes a public body will set aside time during meetings for comment. Here is a guide to public comment at Akron City Council meetings.

Public hearing

A hearing that is held about a piece of legislation in front of a public body. After being sworn in, members of the public are able to testify.

Public-private partnership

An arrangement or cooperation between a private corporation, organization or person and the government. Often the private entity will help fund or provide services to assist a government-led project.

Public-records request

Also known as a FOIA, referring to the Freedom of Information Act, for federal records. A formal request submitted to a government agency for access to any documents or materials that are in the public record. 

Department of Public Safety

Oversees the police and fire departments and emergency medical services, along with safety communications. 

Department of Public Works

Responsible for operating and maintaining all city-owned parks, playgrounds, recreation centers, golf courses and highways. Also responsible for trash/recycling collection, street cleaning, public building maintenance, and maintenance of the city’s fleet.

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Q

Quorum

A quorum is ​​the minimum number of members of a public body such as a council, board or committee that must be present at any of its meetings to make the decisions or votes of that meeting valid. This has to be a majority of members. For example, if a council has seven members, four constitute a majority in determining whether the council as a whole is conducting a “meeting.”  If the council appoints a three-member finance committee, two of those members would constitute a majority of the finance committee. Quorum

R

Referendum

A right granted to registered voters by Akron’s city charter allowing them to advocate for or to repeal laws passed by council or put them to a citywide vote. It requires gathering signatures totaling 7% or more of the votes cast in the last regular city election. To repeal a newly passed law, signatures must be delivered to council within 50 days of passage of the law in question. See also, ballot initiative.

Refer/time

When any legislative action is pushed until a future meeting.

Remand

To take a property from an owner and give it to the city or municipality. This is usually done so the city can demolish a structure.

Request for proposal (RFP)

A document that publicly announces a project and calls for bids or applications from qualified contractors to complete the project.

Request for quotation (RFQ)

A document from a company or public entity that asks vendors of specific products or services to give a quote or list their prices for the desired goods or services.

Resolutions

Council’s official declarations of support, opposition, sympathy and celebration.

Road Diets

A Road Diet, or roadway reconfiguration, can improve safety, calm traffic, provide better mobility and access for all road users, and enhance overall quality of life. This process is used by transportation planners to make changes or improvements to existing roadways and when planning new roadways.

Robert’s Rules of Order

A standard procedure for running public meetings. Used in the absence of the Rules of Procedure of Council, the laws of the State of Ohio, or the City Charter. See also parliamentary procedure.

Roll Call

When the Clerk of Council recites the names of council members to confirm their vote.

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S

Second

Agreement from a public body member of a proposed motion. This agreement can’t come from the member who initiated the motion.

Setback (land use)

The minimum distance a building or other structure must be set back from a street, property boundary, body of water, or other landmark. Setbacks can be legislated via ordinances and zoning and building codes.

Special revenue funds

An account to collect money for a specific purpose or project. Funds are kept separate for accountability and transparency.

Standards for rehabilitation

Set by the U.S. Department of the Interior, these criteria determine if a historic rehabilitation project qualifies as a certified historic rehabilitation or renovation. The Urban Design and Historic Preservation Commission uses these standards to approve or deny proposed changes to historic structures. Read the standards here.

Street segment

The city doesn’t always repave an entire street at once. A segment is a stretch of road between two cross streets.

Street vacation

The process by which any public street or alleyway is transferred from public ownership to private ownership. The Akron City Planning Commission is responsible for reviewing and approving street vacations. Learn more here.

Substitute offered as an amendment:

An ordinance or resolution that is updated.

Summit County Public Health

Monitors the health of residents and disparities in health outcomes. Promotes public health through vaccination and wellness clinics and environmental and air quality monitoring.

Suspension of the rules

Provided there is a two-thirds vote, this process temporarily suspends or sets aside typical council rules. In the City of Akron, this process is used when declaring an emergency to pass legislation.

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Akron City Council
Ward 8 Council Member James Hardy (standing), speaks about the pending sale of Summa Health during the Akron City Council meeting Monday, Jan. 22, 2024. (Credit: YouTube screenshot)

T

Tax abatement

The reduction or elimination of taxes on the increase in a property’s value after new construction or renovation. Taxation on the previous or existing value is not changed.

Tax increment financing (TIF)

A public financing method that is used as a subsidy for redevelopment, infrastructure, and other community-improvement projects.

Traditional (Euclidean) zoning code

Zoning laws that focus on the type of use allowed on a piece of land. This is based on a traditional notion that each space should have a singular use and structures with similar uses should be grouped together and segregated from those of different uses. This is different than form-based zoning codes. 

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U

Urban form overlay

A zoning tool that guides the future growth and character of an area in a manner consistent with a specific community plan. An overlay zoning district is placed over the base zoning in the city in order to modify the base zoning’s regulatory standards. This allows development in specific areas to break from the traditional, use-based zoning codes.

V

Variance

Permission to not follow a section of the city’s zoning or building law. A property owner must request a variance, and a board will decide to grant or deny the request. Two main types of variances are “area” and “use.” An area variance deals with laws governing the height of a structure or how far back from the road it sits.  A use variance deals with restrictions for what a property can be used for (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial).

W

Akron Water Supply Bureau

This bureau provides City of Akron residents with EPA-compliant drinking water.

Workforce development agreement

A policy that provides funding for employees to receive additional education or training that would increase employee productivity, capacity or growth.

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X

Y

Youth Empowerment Scholarship (YES) Fund

The fund provides affordable recreational opportunities to youth 18 years of age and under in order to promote safety and fun.

Z

Zoning code

A set of laws that restrict and define the way land can be used. They regulate the types of development that can occur on each parcel of land in a community. Zoning typically divides a community into districts that group compatible uses together and exclude incompatible uses. Common land uses found in these laws include residential, industrial, recreational or commercial. Zoning laws also include regulations that determine building placement (setbacks), height of structures, lot sizes, lot coverage, parking and other requirements. Read more about the Akron Zoning Codes.

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Community Journalism Director (he/him)
Kevin leads the Akron Documenters program at Signal Akron, connects with the community and supports the journalists in the newsroom. With a servant leader mindset, he brings more than 30 years of experience in local journalism, media consulting, and education to Akron. Editor & Publisher selected Kevin as top media leader in their “25 over 50” class in 2022. Members of the group were selected for their “strong work ethic, transformational mindsets, commitment to journalistic and publishing excellence, and their ability to lead during challenging times.” Kevin is committed to serving the residents of Akron with an optimistic, inclusive, and innovative mindset to help elevate civic engagement and local journalism.